"The role of filler networking in dynamic properties of filled rubber". "Non-Linearity in the Dynamic Properties of Vulcanised Rubber Compounds". "Effect of Carbon Black on Dynamic Properties of Rubber Vulcanizates". "The Dynamic Properties of Carbon Black-Loaded Natural Rubber Vulcanizates. Similar to the Payne effect under small deformations is the Mullins effect that is observed under large deformations.
Since the Payne effect is essential for the frequency and amplitude-dependent dynamic stiffness and damping behaviour of rubber bushings, automotive tires and other products, constitutive models to represent it have been developed in the past (e.g., Lion et al. Physically, the Payne effect can be attributed to deformation-induced changes in the material's microstructure, i.e., to breakage and recovery of weak physical bonds linking adjacent filler clusters. The Payne effect depends on the filler content of the material and vanishes for unfilled elastomers. In that region where the storage modulus decreases the loss modulus shows a maximum. At sufficiently large strain amplitudes (roughly 20%), the storage modulus approaches a lower bound. Thus you have two camps, those aligned with. Above approximately 0.1% strain amplitude, the storage modulus decreases rapidly with increasing amplitude. Vladimir Lem has rebelled from the Inner Circle, and taken other Inner Circle members with him in his rebellion. The effect is observed under cyclic loading conditions with small strain amplitudes, and is manifest as a dependence of the viscoelastic storage modulus on the amplitude of the applied strain. The effect is sometimes also known as the Fletcher- Gent effect, after the authors of the first study of the phenomenon (Fletcher & Gent 1953). Payne, who made extensive studies of the effect (e.g., Payne 1962). It is named after the British rubber scientist A.
In 2008, a movie adaption, loosely based on the original game, entitled Max Payne, was released, starring Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis in the roles of Max Payne and Mona Sax, respectively. The Payne effect is a particular feature of the stress–strain behaviour of rubber, especially rubber compounds containing fillers such as carbon black. A sequel entitled Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne was released in 2003 for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows.
Strain amplitude dependence of storage and loss moduli in filled rubber.